Introduction In a significant service-law ruling, the Punjab & Haryana High Court has reaffirmed a critical principle: statutory rules prevail over executive instructions, especially in matters relating to pay fixation and service benefits. The case of Rajan v. State of Punjab & Others dealt with whether an employee appointed…
Suspension is one of the most commonly used administrative tools in government service. However, it is also one of the most misunderstood and misused actions—especially in Punjab government departments. Many employees are placed under suspension without clear reasoning, delayed charge-sheets, or prolonged enquiries that drag on for months or even…
Criminal appeals form one of the most important safeguards in the Indian justice system. They ensure that errors committed by trial courts can be corrected by higher courts, preventing wrongful convictions and ensuring fairness. With the introduction of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)—which replaced the Code of…
Labour disputes are among the most common conflicts in industrial and commercial establishments. These disputes arise from disagreements between employers and employees concerning employment conditions, wages, termination, disciplinary action, service benefits, and workplace rights. In India, labour disputes are regulated by a combination of central and state laws aimed at…
Getting bail in a non-bailable offence is one of the most challenging situations in criminal law. Unlike bailable offences—where bail is a right—non-bailable offences require you to convince the court that you deserve bail based on facts, law, and circumstances.This complete guide explains the process, legal provisions, documents required, grounds…
A civil suit is one of the most common legal remedies used in India to enforce rights and resolve disputes between private parties. Whether the issue involves property, contracts, family matters, recovery of money, injunctions, tenancy, or commercial disputes, a civil suit provides a structured judicial process for adjudication. Understanding…
Transfers are a normal part of public-service careers. However, not every transfer order can—or should—be challenged. Courts in India are generally reluctant to interfere in routine administrative transfers, especially where the post is classified as a transferable post. But there are specific situations where a transfer may be struck down…
In a democratic setup like India, the Constitution is supreme. It guarantees certain Fundamental Rights to its citizens. However, a right without a remedy is meaningless. If the State or any authority violates these rights, there must be a mechanism to enforce them. This mechanism is provided through "Writs." Dr…
Anticipatory bail is one of the most powerful protections available to a person who fears arrest in a criminal case. Under Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) / Section 482 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), the High Court or Court of Sessions may grant bail in…
Regular bail is a key legal remedy for a person who has already been arrested and produced before a court in a criminal case. It allows the accused to remain out of custody while the investigation or trial proceeds, consistent with the principle of presumption of innocence and the…